Drug development is a multifaceted journey characterized by meticulous research, rigorous testing, and regulatory scrutiny, aiming to bring novel therapeutics to the market to address unmet medical needs and improve patient outcomes. It begins with the identification of a potential target, often a molecule or biological pathway implicated in a disease process, through intensive scientific investigation and analysis of disease mechanisms. This initial stage involves a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular pathways involved, often aided by advanced technologies such as genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics. Once a target is identified, researchers embark on the arduous task of discovering and designing compounds that can modulate or interact with the target to exert a therapeutic effect.
The process of drug discovery involves various approaches, including screening large libraries of chemical compounds, rational drug design based on structural biology and computational modeling, and leveraging natural products or existing drugs as starting points for optimization. Through iterative cycles of synthesis, testing, and optimization, researchers strive to identify lead compounds with desirable pharmacological properties, such as potency, selectivity, and safety profiles. These lead compounds undergo extensive preclinical evaluation, including in vitro studies and animal models, to assess their efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties.
Successful lead compounds advance to the clinical development phase, where they undergo rigorous evaluation in human subjects through a series of clinical trials designed to assess safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing regimens. Clinical trials are conducted in multiple phases, starting with Phase I trials focused on safety and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers, followed by Phase II trials to evaluate efficacy and dosing in a small cohort of patients with the target disease. Phase III trials involve large-scale studies to confirm efficacy, monitor long-term safety, and establish the benefit-risk profile compared to existing treatments or placebo.
Title : Synthesis of chitosan composite of metal organic framework for the adsorption of dyes, kinetic and thermodynamic approach
Tooba Saeed, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Title : Time Domain NMR: A new Paradigm in Process Control for Sodium in Foods and Beverages
Dan Kroll, Iowa State University, United States
Title : Synthesis of Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles using Curcumin and Investigation of Molecular Interactions through DFT Analysis
Madhulata Shukla, Veer Kunwar Singh University, India
Title : An overview on the correlation of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, microbial infections, and diabetes mellitus: Therapeutic potential of natural products
Demissie Shimeli, ASTU, Ethiopia
Title : Nature meets innovation: Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts and ionic liquids for a sustainable future
Azeez A Barzinjy, Soran University, Iraq
Title : Lewis and bronsted acids effects on the mechanism of the diels alder reaction of dimethylfuran. A DFT Study
Hafida Chemouri, Ecole Superieure En Sciences Appliquees De Tlemcen ESSA-Tlemcen, Algeria