Title : The true structure of benzene molecules and their influence on organic chemistry
Abstract:
The molecular structure of benzene has remained an unsolved problem for a hundred years. Based on existing theories, this paper re-recognizes the ground state and excited state of benzene molecules. According to the essence of chemical bonds, which is that the atomic nuclei of molecules share electrons, it is proposed that each electron shared by the atomic nuclei corresponds to a half-valence bond, and half-valence bonds can also be formed between carbon atoms separated by benzene rings. Cyclohextriene merely serves as an extreme structure in the excited state. Thus, a new structural theory of benzene molecules is established. The six valence electrons of the benzene molecule and the overall effect between it and the carbon nucleus were highly summarized as an equivalent electron model of a hydrogen-like atom. By using the existing quantum mechanical algorithm for calculation, the experimental results were quantitatively explained. Especially the hydrogenation heat value of benzene, the bond length of the benzene ring, and the ultraviolet spectrum of benzene are all highly consistent. Not only did it confirm the real existence of the ground state nucleus and the excited state of the benzene molecule, but it also confirmed the reliability of the new theory. The half-valence bond was represented by dotted lines, and the planar structure forms of benzene and its numerous homologues and derivatives molecules were successfully designed. The universality of the method laid a foundation for its promotion and application. In particular, the design of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons will uncover a large number of unknown secrets of these molecules, further highlighting the significance of new theories and design methods. In addition, the central axis of the benzene tube formed by the stacking of benzene rings and the regular hexagonal carbon tube was explored, which might be an electron-free superconducting path. The thickness of the three-layer benzene tube was calculated to be exactly the same as that of the graphene. When referring to other properties of graphene, it is speculated that graphene is more like a three-layer structure. Graphene is not merely a single two-dimensional structure, but rather a general term for different molecular classes composed of a large number of six-carbon rings. The superconducting properties of graphene may be related to benzene tubes.
Key words: benzene, molecular structure, half-valence bond, benzene ring bond length, heat of hydrogenation, ultraviolet spectrum, benzene tube, graphene thickness.
