Title : An overview on the correlation of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, microbial infections, and diabetes mellitus: Therapeutic potential of natural products
Abstract:
Background: This review addresses human health problems such as oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes mellitus (DM), and infections, along with their correlations. DM causes hyperglycaemia, which generates the pathological conditions of the disease by activating prolonged inflammation and oxidative damage. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress reinforce one another, which causes a number of diseases, including DM and its complications.
Main Body: Oxidative stress generates inflammatory cytokines, which promote inflammation. Then, the prolonged inflammation extends the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhances oxidative stress, causing cell damage, including damage to pancreatic β-cells. In addition, there is a mutual relationship that exists between DM and infectious diseases. Many studies have reported that antibiotic resistance for bacterial infections have increased significantly in the diabetic patients. Diabetic patients are also more prone to fungal colonization in comparison with non-diabetic individuals. Improving the control of DM could help to lower the prevalence of infectious diseases. Currently, several drugs are available in the market to control these diseases. However, the conventional anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs exert certain side effects, and most of the antibiotics are also ineffective against drug-resistant bacteria and disrupt beneficial gut micro-biota, often leading to further clinical complications. In addition, certain fungal infections tend to be resistant to antifungal treatment and more complicated in diabetic patients.
Conclusion: In order to treat DM and its complications and infections associated with DM, it may be possible to develop new approaches by comprehending the molecular mechanisms that underlie the mutual relationship among oxidative stress, inflammation, DM, and infections.
