Title : Theory of transformation in atomic and nucleon orbitals
Abstract:
An electron and other waves are Electromagnetic Wave Packets (EMWP) or energy depending on the state. Atomic, proton, and neutron orbitals, during transformation, form interatomic and internucleon bonds. Electrons of one atomic orbital are transformed into spherical, hemispherical, and sector-spherical electrons in an electromagnetic wave packet according to the principle of minimum total energy, and the direction of the molecular orbital depends on the state of the valence electron and is part of the atomic orbital. Electronic formulas for elements in a state of rest and an excited state have been developed.
An electromagnetic wave packet has a charge and spin, which has a closed continuous, uniform, stable, stationary form of electromagnetic wave and is located in a stationary atomic orbital in a single state or in pairs in a cell with opposite spins, in which the orbitals are divided, but in one orbital, the cells cannot be arranged in layers, that is, to intersect or overlap. An EMWP does not have a different shape, for example, dumbbell-shaped or ellipsoidal.
The formation of atomic and molecular orbitals occurs through pairing with the transformation of electron orbitals by high-order electromagnetic wave packets. Therefore, we propose the theory of transformation of electromagnetic waves as a new theory, with explanations, as well as the formation of equivalent chemical bonds from equivalent electrons. A chemical bond always has a single character and is not divided into σ- and π-bonds. The spin of an electron, positron or gamma wave means the formation of a bond between identical electromagnetic wave packets, such as the formation of an atomic, proton or neutron bond.
Keywords: Electron, Positron, Gamma Waves, Neutron, Proton, Spin, Theory of Transformation.
