Title : Production of surfactant from the oreochromis niloticus fish: Synthesis and characterization
Abstract:
Surfactant was synthesized from the oil of Oreochromis niloticus (ON) (Nile Tilapia fish ) using the Sulphonation method. The oil extracted was initially instrumentally analyzed using GC-MS and FTIR followed by an acid value, %free fatty acid, refractive index, density, viscosity and viscosity tests. The synthesized surfactant was characterized. The results of the oil extracted from ON fish showed that acid value (9.56 mg/KOH g), refractive index (1.46), density (1341 Kg/cm3), viscosity (19.52 mPa.s), and total lipids (18.20%). Carboxylic acids, esters, and alkyl groups were identified by FTIR analysis. Among the compounds found were oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and decanoic acid, according to GC-MS analysis. Three surfactants were synthesized from the oil which were labelled NT-25, NT-30 and NT-45. The surface properties analysis results demonstrated that the surfactants exhibited good surface tension (CMC) values of 32.0 mNm-1, 42.0 mNm-1, and 52.0 mNm-1 for NT-25, NT-30, and NT-45, respectively, along with good critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of 3.0 mmol/L, 4.0 mmol/L, and 8.0 mmol/L for NT-45. In addition, they demonstrated good wetting, with wetting times ranging from 7.21 to 19.00 seconds, and great foamability, with foam stability of NT-25 (95%), NT-30 (96%), and NT-45 (96%). These results suggest that ON fish surfactant could find application across a range of industries, especially in the soap and detergent domains, where a surfactant with strong wetting properties and high foam is required.
