Abstract
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We present a theoretical investigation of light–matter interactions in thermal vapor cells of Rubidium atoms, incorporating engineered electromagnetic environments based on Metamaterials cells aided by buffering and quenching gas chemical inner environment. The study focuses on the modification of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) involving highly excited Rydberg atoms under the influence of subwavelength field confinement and resonant field enhancement.
Metamaterial-enhanced electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic Rydberg vapor cells has emerged as a promising platform for ultrasensitive sensing, nonlinear photonics, and hybrid quantum technologies. In this work, we investigate the role of chemically engineered buffer and quenching gas environments in tailoring EIT responses within rubidium Rydberg vapor cells integrated with resonant metamaterial structures.
By introducing controlled concentrations of inert buffering gases and molecular quenchers, we demonstrate substantial modification of collisional broadening, coherence lifetimes, and atom–surface interactions, leading to enhanced transparency contrast and improved spectral selectivity. The metamaterial resonators concentrate and localize electromagnetic fields, thereby strengthening light–matter coupling and enabling tunable enhancement of Rydberg excitation pathways. Experimental measurements and theoretical modeling reveal that the combined influence of gas-assisted chemical environments and metamaterial-induced near-field enhancement produces robust EIT signatures with reduced decoherence and increased sensitivity to external electromagnetic perturbations.
These findings establish a versatile route toward chemically tunable hybrid quantum photonic systems and provide new opportunities for compact microwave sensing, precision spectroscopy, chemical gas sensing and adaptive quantum-enabled devices.
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